Sindh MDCAT 2020 Paper

41- Law of independent assortment" states:

A. The each pair of alleles assort independent of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation  
B. That allele for each pair of contrasting trait have unequal probability to assort with the alleles of other pairs
C. That coexisting alleles for each trait segregate (separate) from each other at meiosis so that each gamete receives only one of the two alleles
D. That pertain to inheritance of single trait (monohybrid cross)  

Answer : B. That allele for each pair of contrasting trait have unequal probability to assort with the alleles of other pairs

42- Phenotype is ?

A. The genetic complement ie the genes in an individual for a particular trait
B. The form of appearance of a trait
C. Partner of gene pair
D. The position of a gene on the chromosome

Answer : B. The form of appearance of a trait

43- In complete dominance :

A. Gene mutation may produce many different alleles of a gene
B. One alleles (R) is completely dominant over the other (r) and the presence of recessive allele is functionally hidden the heterozygote (Rr) has the same sound phenotype (RR) heterozygote
C. Different alleles of a gene are both expressed in heterozygous condition
D. The phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between phenotypes of the homozygotes
 

Answer : B. One alleles (R) is completely dominant over the other (r) and the presence of recessive allele is functionally hidden the heterozygote (Rr) has the same sound phenotype (RR) heterozygote

44- Which one of the following is found in both messenger RNA and DNA of a mammalian cell?

A. Thymine
B. Ribose sugar
C. Double helical structure
D. Sugar- phosphate backbone

Answer : D. Sugar- phosphate backbone

45- The cells in our body are all genetically identical apart from the ?

A. White blood cells
B. Somatic cells
C. Muscle fibers
D. Reproductive cells

Answer : D. Reproductive cells

46- Transcription is the process in which an RNA copy of the DNA sequence and coding the gene is produced with help of an enzyme called:

A. DNA transcriptase
B. DNA polymerases
C. RNA transcriptase
D. RNA polymerase

Answer : D. RNA polymerase

47- The particular array of chromosomes that an individual process is called its

A. Allele
B. Karyotype
C. Phenotype
D. Genotype

Answer : B. Karyotype

48- During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes comes together and form pairs this process is called

A. Linkage
B. Pairing
C. Synapsis
D. Crossing over

Answer : C. Synapsis

49- At what phase the DNA content of a cell is doubled?

A. Interphase
B. Prophase
C. Telophase
D. Anaphase

Answer : A. Interphase

50- Which statement correctly describes transcription of DNA?

A. It is a semi conservative process
B. It results in increased DNA synthesis
C. It produces messenger RNA
D. It produces amino acids

Answer : C. It produces messenger RNA

51- This theory says that “mitochondria and chloroplast area in effect ancient bacteria which now live inside the large cells” ?

A. Darwin’s theory of evolution
B. Neo-Darwinism
C. Lamarckism
D. Endosymbiont theory

Answer : D. Endosymbiont theory

52- The organs which are similar but differ in structure are called ?

A. Analogous organs
B. Divergent evolution
C. Homologous organs
D. Convergent evolution

Answer : A. Analogous organs

53- ___ occurs because natural selection gives some alleles a batter chance of survival than others ?

A. Crossing over
B. Evolution
C. Artificial selection
D. Fitness

Answer : B. Evolution

54- The DNA that has been altered and which now contains length of nucleotides from two different organisms is called a ?

A. Vector
B. Combined DNA
C. Recombinant DNA
D. Plasmid

Answer : C. Recombinant DNA

55- It is a method for rapid production of a very large number of copies of a particular fragment of DNA ?

A. Gel electrophoresis
B. DNA extraction
C. Recombination
D. Polymerase chain reaction

Answer : D. Polymerase chain reaction

56- What is the effect of DNA ligase?

A. DNA is broken up at specific sites
B. DNA fragments are joined together
C. DNA replication occurs
D. DNA transcription occurs

Answer : B. DNA fragments are joined together

57- Which of the following is the components/tools of recombinant DNA technology?

A. Gene of interest
B. Molecular scissors
C. Molecular glue and expression system
D. All of the above

Answer : D. All of the above

58- Gel electrophoresis is a technique:

A. Employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of the individuals by their respective type of DNA
B. Collect all the genes found in one complete set of chromosomes
C. Is a technique to separate different size fragment of charge bearing polymers (proteins, RNA or DNA) 
D. Grows single cells of a group of cells in a glass ware on artificial medium under aseptic conditions  

Answer : A. Employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of the individuals by their respective type of DNA

59- Transgenic organisms:

A. Have a foreign gene inserted into them
B. Have an important role in the large scale production of medicinal products 
C. Are considered beneficial to humans
D. All of the above

Answer : D. All of the above

60- Which of the following is not necessary for PCR to occur?

A. dATP
B. Primers
C. DNA fragments
D. Ribonucleotides

Answer : D. Ribonucleotides

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